In recent years, several African countries have seen rising food inflation, which has had a substantial impact on their economies and residents’ daily lives. According to a recent United Nations report, this issue is mostly caused by weak currencies and severe weather conditions.
Among the impacted countries, Nigeria stands out for its very high rate of food inflation, which has contributed significantly to overall inflation. This situation is not limited to Nigeria; Zimbabwe, Ethiopia, and Malawi face comparable challenges.
Food inflation refers to the rate at which the price of food products rises over time. In Africa, this has become a significant concern. In February 2024, Nigeria’s National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) reported a food inflation rate of 37.92%, with an overall inflation rate of 29.90%. These data are disturbing and indicate the gravity of the situation in the country. Notably, states such as Kogi, Rivers, and Kwara are seeing the greatest increases in food costs.
Several factors have contributed to the rise in food costs across Africa. The UN research identifies important drivers such as currency depreciation and extreme weather occurrences that affect food supply networks. Furthermore, high food import costs, compounded by rising logistical costs both globally and domestically, play an important influence.
The United Nations report identifies eleven African nations where food inflation is particularly severe. These countries endure double-digit inflation rates on an annual basis, indicating a long-term and pervasive problem.
1. Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe has historically struggled with hyperinflation, which affects food prices. The country’s economic woes continue to drive up prices, rendering basic essentials unaffordable for many.
2. Sierra Leone
Food inflation in Sierra Leone is high due to economic instability and variable import costs. The effect on households, particularly those with low incomes, is significant.
3. Malawi
Adverse meteorological conditions, such as droughts and floods, frequently impair Malawi’s agricultural output, resulting in higher food costs and inflation.
4. Nigeria
As previously stated, Nigeria has one of the highest food inflation rates in Africa, which is fueled by a variety of economic and environmental variables.
5. Ethiopia
Ethiopia’s position is aggravated by both climate shocks and socioeconomic challenges, resulting in persistently high food prices.
6. Ghana
Ghana likewise faces severe food inflation, with currency devaluation contributing significantly to the rise in food prices.
7. Angola
Angola endures food inflation as a result of its reliance on food imports and the shifting costs that accompany it.
8. Burundi
Economic issues and political turmoil in Burundi exacerbate the country’s persistent food inflation problem.
9. The Gambia
The Gambia is dealing with similar difficulties, with rising food prices due to import costs and economic conditions.
10. Guinea
Finally, food prices in Guinea are steadily rising, posing a big challenge to individuals’ food affordability.
